Contraception

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Contraception

Contraception, also known as birth control, refers to the methods and techniques used to prevent unwanted pregnancy. It plays a crucial role in reproductive health, family planning, and maternal well-being, allowing individuals and couples to make informed decisions about when and if they want to conceive.

Contraception methods can be temporary or permanent, hormonal or non-hormonal, and are designed to suit the unique health requirements, lifestyle, and reproductive goals of women and men. Modern contraceptive options are safe, effective, and widely available, enabling couples to plan their families responsibly while maintaining overall health.

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Types of Contraception

1. Barrier Methods

Barrier methods prevent the sperm from reaching the egg. They are non-hormonal, easy to use, and reversible.

  • Condoms (Male and Female) – Protect against pregnancy and STIs
  • Diaphragms and Cervical Caps – Cover the cervix and block sperm entry
  • Spermicides – Kill or immobilize sperm, often used with other barrier methods

2. Hormonal Methods

Hormonal contraceptives regulate a woman’s reproductive system to prevent ovulation or fertilization.

  • Oral Pills – Combined or Progesterone-only tablets prevent ovulation
  • Injectable Contraceptives – Injections every few months
  • Contraceptive Implants – Small rods under the skin releasing hormones
  • Vaginal Rings & Patches – Hormone-releasing devices used cyclically

3. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

IUDs are small, T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus to prevent fertilization.

  • Copper IUDs – Non-hormonal, effective for up to 10 years
  • Hormonal IUDs – Release progesterone, effective for 3–5 years

4. Permanent Methods (Sterilization)

Permanent contraception is ideal for individuals who are certain they do not want future pregnancies.

  • Tubal Ligation (Female Sterilization) – Surgical procedure to block/cut fallopian tubes
  • Vasectomy (Male Sterilization) – Minor surgery to block sperm transport

5. Natural & Behavioral Methods

These methods rely on awareness of fertility and sexual practices.

  • Fertility Awareness Methods (FAM) – Tracking ovulation cycles
  • Withdrawal Method – Removing the penis before ejaculation (less reliable)
  • Abstinence – Complete avoidance of sexual intercourse

Benefits of Contraception

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